5/12/2025
Last update
5/12/2025
Reviewed By
Reviewed By
Overview
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 31 Researches
7.5
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.7
Supplement Facts
Serving Size: 5 Tablets
Amount Per Serving
%DV
Vitamin D3 (as cholecalciferol)
10 mcg (400 IU)
50%
Calcium (as calcium citrate)
1,000 mg
77%
Magnesium (as magnesium oxide, magnesium citrate)
500 mg
119%
Sodium
20 mg
<1%
Top Medical Research Studies
9
Magnesium sulfate alleviates postoperative pain
We explored the impact of magnesium sulfate on managing pain following total knee arthroplasty. In a randomized, double-blind trial with 90 patients, half received a blend of analgesics that included magnesium sulfate, while the other half did not.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Overall, adding magnesium sulfate appears beneficial for postoperative knee pain management.
Following surgery, the results showed that magnesium sulfate helped prolong pain relief and reduced the need for opioids. Patients receiving it experienced less postoperative pain and moved towards recovery more effectively.
Overall, adding magnesium sulfate appears beneficial for postoperative knee pain management.
9
Magnesium aids postoperative pain relief
We explored the role of magnesium in reducing knee pain following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In a study involving 119 adults, participants received either an adductor canal block with magnesium and bupivacaine or just bupivacaine.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
Those who received magnesium reported significantly lower pain scores and reduced opioid usage in the days after surgery, without experiencing an uptick in nausea or dissatisfaction. This suggests that adding magnesium to local anesthesia could enhance pain management for TKA patients, promoting a smoother recovery.
9
Magnesium reduces postoperative knee pain
We evaluated the impact of magnesium sulphate on pain levels for 44 patients undergoing staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty.
In this study, the magnesium group received magnesium sulphate while the control group received isotonic saline during their surgeries.
Our findings showed that those who received magnesium experienced significantly lower pain scores compared to the control group, both after their first and second surgeries.
Importantly, magnesium also helped reduce the need for additional pain relief medications in the days following surgery.
In this study, the magnesium group received magnesium sulphate while the control group received isotonic saline during their surgeries.
Our findings showed that those who received magnesium experienced significantly lower pain scores compared to the control group, both after their first and second surgeries.
Importantly, magnesium also helped reduce the need for additional pain relief medications in the days following surgery.
Most Useful Reviews
9
Eased knee pain
50 people found this helpful
Quality vitamins. My parents are constant buyers. They are expensive in Moscow. Since taking them, my father has stopped experiencing knee pain. Take care of your parents.
9
Knee discomfort alleviated
3 people found this helpful
After a month of breastfeeding, I experienced knee pain. I began taking this complex and found the discomfort greatly reduced. I follow a cycle of taking it for two months followed by a break, finding it very beneficial.
9
Knee pain vanished
2 people found this helpful
This is the best calcium. The doctor recommended it for tooth prevention (6 tabs. 1200), and after 2 days, my knee stopped hurting! I drank it continuously, and will do so periodically.
Medical Researches
SCIENTIFIC SCORE
Possibly Effective
Based on 31 Researches
7.5
- All Researches
9
We aimed to understand the therapeutic impact of vitamin D3 on knee pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). In a 3-month open-label clinical trial, we observed 80 patients with knee OA who took an oral supplement of vitamin D3 at a dosage of 4000 IU per day.
Over the course of the study, we measured the participants' pain levels and functionality using WOMAC subscores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessments. Excitingly, we found that the average pain intensity decreased significantly after treatment. In fact, about 87% of the participants showed a notable positive response to the vitamin D3 supplementation.
Alongside improvements in pain, we also noted changes in certain inflammation markers in the blood. There was a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-17, while levels of IL-33 increased. This suggests that vitamin D3 might play a role in modulating the inflammatory processes related to knee OA.
Ultimately, our findings highlight the potential of vitamin D3 supplementation as a promising therapeutic option for managing knee OA symptoms. Further research is warranted to delve deeper into the role of IL-33 and its implications for osteoarthritis.
Over the course of the study, we measured the participants' pain levels and functionality using WOMAC subscores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessments. Excitingly, we found that the average pain intensity decreased significantly after treatment. In fact, about 87% of the participants showed a notable positive response to the vitamin D3 supplementation.
Alongside improvements in pain, we also noted changes in certain inflammation markers in the blood. There was a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-17, while levels of IL-33 increased. This suggests that vitamin D3 might play a role in modulating the inflammatory processes related to knee OA.
Ultimately, our findings highlight the potential of vitamin D3 supplementation as a promising therapeutic option for managing knee OA symptoms. Further research is warranted to delve deeper into the role of IL-33 and its implications for osteoarthritis.
9
We explored the effects of vitamin D (D3) on knee pain recovery after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). In our study, we enrolled 60 patients and categorized them into three groups based on their vitamin D levels. Some patients had sufficient vitamin D, while others were either given large doses of oral or intramuscular supplementation if they were found to be insufficient.
Our findings revealed that patients with insufficient vitamin D experienced significant improvements in their knee function after receiving large oral doses. In fact, those who received oral supplements showed recovery comparable to patients who already had sufficient vitamin D. Conversely, while intramuscular supplementation did increase vitamin D levels, it was less effective compared to the oral method and only showed noticeable improvement by the two-week mark.
Interestingly, we also noted that about 25% of patients who initially had sufficient vitamin D levels became insufficient within the first two weeks post-surgery. This indicates that even those with adequate levels may need to consider supplementation after undergoing TKA to maintain optimal recovery.
In summary, our study suggests that quickly addressing vitamin D deficiency with oral supplementation can play a crucial role in enhancing recovery and reducing knee pain following TKA.
Our findings revealed that patients with insufficient vitamin D experienced significant improvements in their knee function after receiving large oral doses. In fact, those who received oral supplements showed recovery comparable to patients who already had sufficient vitamin D. Conversely, while intramuscular supplementation did increase vitamin D levels, it was less effective compared to the oral method and only showed noticeable improvement by the two-week mark.
Interestingly, we also noted that about 25% of patients who initially had sufficient vitamin D levels became insufficient within the first two weeks post-surgery. This indicates that even those with adequate levels may need to consider supplementation after undergoing TKA to maintain optimal recovery.
In summary, our study suggests that quickly addressing vitamin D deficiency with oral supplementation can play a crucial role in enhancing recovery and reducing knee pain following TKA.
9
We aimed to understand how vitamin D3 supplementation influences knee pain and muscle strength in individuals suffering from knee osteoarthritis (KOA). The study involved 67 patients over the age of 30, all experiencing knee pain for at least a month and showing signs of vitamin D deficiency.
Participants received a weekly dose of 50,000 IU of oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for a span of two months. By the end of the treatment, nearly all participants had sufficient levels of vitamin D. Significant improvements were observed; serum vitamin D levels rose, quadriceps muscle strength increased, and knee pain decreased for the majority of participants.
Specifically, the pain reduction was measurable through standard pain assessment methods. The findings suggest a clear link between correcting vitamin D deficiency and improvements in both muscle strength and pain levels for those living with KOA.
Participants received a weekly dose of 50,000 IU of oral cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) for a span of two months. By the end of the treatment, nearly all participants had sufficient levels of vitamin D. Significant improvements were observed; serum vitamin D levels rose, quadriceps muscle strength increased, and knee pain decreased for the majority of participants.
Specifically, the pain reduction was measurable through standard pain assessment methods. The findings suggest a clear link between correcting vitamin D deficiency and improvements in both muscle strength and pain levels for those living with KOA.
9
We examined the impact of vitamin D3 in a patient suffering from adult Fanconi syndrome, who experienced notable knee pain among other symptoms. This individual, a 42-year-old female, presented with various issues including progressive proximal muscle weakness and marked bone discomfort, particularly in the knees. After a thorough evaluation that included electromyography and a muscle biopsy, she was diagnosed with this rare condition, which often results in deficiencies that can lead to significant pain and discomfort.
Following a comprehensive treatment plan, which included tricalcium phosphate, vitamin D3, and sodium bicarbonate, we observed positive changes in her symptoms. The patient's knee pain, along with other discomforts, notably improved after a six-week supplementation regimen. However, it's essential to clarify that while vitamin D3 was part of a combined treatment, the specific contribution of vitamin D3 to alleviating knee pain is hard to isolate. We conclude that vitamin D3 may offer some benefits when included in a broader treatment framework, but further research would be needed to fully understand its role in managing knee pain specifically.
Following a comprehensive treatment plan, which included tricalcium phosphate, vitamin D3, and sodium bicarbonate, we observed positive changes in her symptoms. The patient's knee pain, along with other discomforts, notably improved after a six-week supplementation regimen. However, it's essential to clarify that while vitamin D3 was part of a combined treatment, the specific contribution of vitamin D3 to alleviating knee pain is hard to isolate. We conclude that vitamin D3 may offer some benefits when included in a broader treatment framework, but further research would be needed to fully understand its role in managing knee pain specifically.
9
We explored how calcium phosphate (CaP) injections impact knee pain, particularly in patients suffering from osteoarthritis-related bone marrow lesions (OA-BML). In this study, we compared two groups of patients: those who received knee arthroscopy combined with CaP injections and those who had knee arthroscopy for different knee issues.
Our observations showed that patients receiving the CaP injections experienced less frequent conversions to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when compared to the other group. Notably, within the CaP group, we noticed a significant improvement in their knee injury and functional outcome scores before and after the procedure. However, patients who only underwent knee arthroscopy did not show the same level of improvement.
Overall, we found that adding CaP injections during knee surgery for OA-BML significantly enhanced functional outcomes over traditional surgery alone. This study underscores the potential benefits of CaP treatments in managing knee pain and improving quality of life for those suffering from knee OA.
Our observations showed that patients receiving the CaP injections experienced less frequent conversions to total knee arthroplasty (TKA) when compared to the other group. Notably, within the CaP group, we noticed a significant improvement in their knee injury and functional outcome scores before and after the procedure. However, patients who only underwent knee arthroscopy did not show the same level of improvement.
Overall, we found that adding CaP injections during knee surgery for OA-BML significantly enhanced functional outcomes over traditional surgery alone. This study underscores the potential benefits of CaP treatments in managing knee pain and improving quality of life for those suffering from knee OA.
User Reviews
USERS' SCORE
Good
Based on 5 Reviews
8.7
- All Reviews
- Positive Reviews
- Negative Reviews
9
Eased knee pain
50 people found this helpful
Quality vitamins. My parents are constant buyers. They are expensive in Moscow. Since taking them, my father has stopped experiencing knee pain. Take care of your parents.
9
Knee discomfort alleviated
3 people found this helpful
After a month of breastfeeding, I experienced knee pain. I began taking this complex and found the discomfort greatly reduced. I follow a cycle of taking it for two months followed by a break, finding it very beneficial.
9
Knee pain vanished
2 people found this helpful
This is the best calcium. The doctor recommended it for tooth prevention (6 tabs. 1200), and after 2 days, my knee stopped hurting! I drank it continuously, and will do so periodically.
9
Crunching stopped
1 people found this helpful
Results visible immediately! After just 2 weeks of use, I noticed a difference. My knees stopped crunching when I sit down, and I'm only 30. We took 5 pieces a day, as instructed.
9
Knee pain improved
Very good! The quality is excellent and well absorbed. It has improved my knee pain and I will continue to take it.
Frequently Asked Questions
9
Eased knee pain
50 people found this helpful
Quality vitamins. My parents are constant buyers. They are expensive in Moscow. Since taking them, my father has stopped experiencing knee pain. Take care of your parents.
9
Knee discomfort alleviated
3 people found this helpful
After a month of breastfeeding, I experienced knee pain. I began taking this complex and found the discomfort greatly reduced. I follow a cycle of taking it for two months followed by a break, finding it very beneficial.
9
Knee pain vanished
2 people found this helpful
This is the best calcium. The doctor recommended it for tooth prevention (6 tabs. 1200), and after 2 days, my knee stopped hurting! I drank it continuously, and will do so periodically.
9
Crunching stopped
1 people found this helpful
Results visible immediately! After just 2 weeks of use, I noticed a difference. My knees stopped crunching when I sit down, and I'm only 30. We took 5 pieces a day, as instructed.
9
We aimed to understand the therapeutic impact of vitamin D3 on knee pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). In a 3-month open-label clinical trial, we observed 80 patients with knee OA who took an oral supplement of vitamin D3 at a dosage of 4000 IU per day.
Over the course of the study, we measured the participants' pain levels and functionality using WOMAC subscores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessments. Excitingly, we found that the average pain intensity decreased significantly after treatment. In fact, about 87% of the participants showed a notable positive response to the vitamin D3 supplementation.
Alongside improvements in pain, we also noted changes in certain inflammation markers in the blood. There was a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-17, while levels of IL-33 increased. This suggests that vitamin D3 might play a role in modulating the inflammatory processes related to knee OA.
Ultimately, our findings highlight the potential of vitamin D3 supplementation as a promising therapeutic option for managing knee OA symptoms. Further research is warranted to delve deeper into the role of IL-33 and its implications for osteoarthritis.
Over the course of the study, we measured the participants' pain levels and functionality using WOMAC subscores and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) assessments. Excitingly, we found that the average pain intensity decreased significantly after treatment. In fact, about 87% of the participants showed a notable positive response to the vitamin D3 supplementation.
Alongside improvements in pain, we also noted changes in certain inflammation markers in the blood. There was a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α and IL-17, while levels of IL-33 increased. This suggests that vitamin D3 might play a role in modulating the inflammatory processes related to knee OA.
Ultimately, our findings highlight the potential of vitamin D3 supplementation as a promising therapeutic option for managing knee OA symptoms. Further research is warranted to delve deeper into the role of IL-33 and its implications for osteoarthritis.
8
We conducted a thorough analysis of several randomized controlled trials to see how vitamin D3 affects knee pain, particularly in those suffering from osteoarthritis (OA). By examining data from four studies involving over 1,100 participants, we looked specifically at pain relief and functional improvement as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC).
Our findings are quite revealing: while vitamin D3 significantly reduced pain and improved function for those with knee OA, it did not prevent cartilage loss in the knee joints. This is an important distinction, as many may assume pain relief could also equate to structural benefits.
Interestingly, vitamin D3 supplementation of more than 2,000 IU daily showed the most promise in terms of reducing pain and enhancing functionality. However, it's worth noting that the treatment did not increase the risk of adverse effects when compared to placebo groups.
Overall, while vitamin D3 may help alleviate knee pain and improve overall mobility, the evidence does not support its use in slowing down the progression of knee osteoarthritis itself. This indicates a need for further research to explore more comprehensive treatment options for those managing OA.
Our findings are quite revealing: while vitamin D3 significantly reduced pain and improved function for those with knee OA, it did not prevent cartilage loss in the knee joints. This is an important distinction, as many may assume pain relief could also equate to structural benefits.
Interestingly, vitamin D3 supplementation of more than 2,000 IU daily showed the most promise in terms of reducing pain and enhancing functionality. However, it's worth noting that the treatment did not increase the risk of adverse effects when compared to placebo groups.
Overall, while vitamin D3 may help alleviate knee pain and improve overall mobility, the evidence does not support its use in slowing down the progression of knee osteoarthritis itself. This indicates a need for further research to explore more comprehensive treatment options for those managing OA.
1
We conducted a thorough investigation into the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on knee pain and cartilage volume in people suffering from knee osteoarthritis, particularly those with low vitamin D levels. This study took place in Tasmania and Victoria, Australia, and was designed as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial.
Over a span of two years, we divided participants into two groups: one received a monthly dose of oral vitamin D3 (50,000 IU), while the other group received a placebo. Our main focus was to evaluate any changes in tibial cartilage volume, measured through MRI, as well as the participants' knee pain levels as indicated by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score.
The results showed that, compared to the placebo group, those who received vitamin D3 experienced no significant differences in either tibial cartilage volume or reported knee pain over the two years. This indicates that vitamin D3 supplementation does not provide meaningful benefits for reducing tibial cartilage loss or improving knee pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
Over a span of two years, we divided participants into two groups: one received a monthly dose of oral vitamin D3 (50,000 IU), while the other group received a placebo. Our main focus was to evaluate any changes in tibial cartilage volume, measured through MRI, as well as the participants' knee pain levels as indicated by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score.
The results showed that, compared to the placebo group, those who received vitamin D3 experienced no significant differences in either tibial cartilage volume or reported knee pain over the two years. This indicates that vitamin D3 supplementation does not provide meaningful benefits for reducing tibial cartilage loss or improving knee pain in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
7
Our study sought to investigate how vitamin D3, particularly in combination with alendronate, affects knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Conducted as a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, we aimed to understand if this combination could improve joint health and reduce pain over a one-year period.
We looked closely at the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) to assess changes in knee cartilage structure alongside patient-reported pain levels. While we carefully tracked these factors, the results remained inconclusive regarding the isolated effectiveness of vitamin D3 on knee pain. The findings suggest that more research is needed to clarify its direct role.
This trial holds promise for understanding new treatments for knee OA. If alendronate in conjunction with vitamin D3 proves effective, it could represent a valuable option for managing this prevalent condition at a lower cost.
We looked closely at the Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (WORMS) to assess changes in knee cartilage structure alongside patient-reported pain levels. While we carefully tracked these factors, the results remained inconclusive regarding the isolated effectiveness of vitamin D3 on knee pain. The findings suggest that more research is needed to clarify its direct role.
This trial holds promise for understanding new treatments for knee OA. If alendronate in conjunction with vitamin D3 proves effective, it could represent a valuable option for managing this prevalent condition at a lower cost.
References
- Rajani AM, Mittal A, Kulkarni VU, Rajani KA, Rajani KA. Role of Pre-operative Correction of Vitamin D3 Deficiency in Controlling Post-operative Bone Pain after Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty. Malays Orthop J. 2024;18:7. 10.5704/MOJ.2411.002
- Qi L, Guo Y. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva: A Case Report. Cureus. 2024;16:e55528. 10.7759/cureus.55528
- Divjak A, Jovanovic I, Matic A, Lucic AT, Gajovic N, et al. The influence of vitamin D supplementation on the expression of mediators of inflammation in knee osteoarthritis. Immunol Res. 2023;71:442. 10.1007/s12026-022-09354-0
- Peng HM, Weng XS, Li Y, Feng B, Qian W, et al. Effect of alendronate sodium plus vitamin D tablets on knee joint structure and osteoarthritis pain: a multi-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23:584. 10.1186/s12891-022-05521-4
- Maniar RN, Maniar AR, Jain D, Bhatnagar N, Gajjar A. Vitamin D Trajectory after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Method for Quick Correction in Deficient Patients. Clin Orthop Surg. 2021;13:336. 10.4055/cios20147
- Tu L, Zheng S, Cicuttini F, Jin X, Han W, et al. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Disabling Foot Pain in Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2021;73:781. 10.1002/acr.24371
- Gao XR, Chen YS, Deng W. The effect of vitamin D supplementation on knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Surg. 2017;46:14. 10.1016/j.ijsu.2017.08.010
- Xu C, Ma C, Bai Y. A pediatric hypophosphatemic rickets on MRI, Tc-MDP bone scan and F-FDG PET/CT. Hell J Nucl Med. 2017;20:93. 10.1967/s002449910515
- Jin X, Jones G, Cicuttini F, Wluka A, Zhu Z, et al. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Tibial Cartilage Volume and Knee Pain Among Patients With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2016;315:1005. 10.1001/jama.2016.1961
- Heidari B, Javadian Y, Babaei M, Yousef-Ghahari B. Restorative Effect of Vitamin D Deficiency on Knee Pain and Quadriceps Muscle Strength in Knee Osteoarthritis. Acta Med Iran. 2015;53:466.
- McAlindon T, LaValley M, Schneider E, Nuite M, Lee JY, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on progression of knee pain and cartilage volume loss in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2013;309:155. 10.1001/jama.2012.164487
- Cao Y, Jones G, Cicuttini F, Winzenberg T, Wluka A, et al. Vitamin D supplementation in the management of knee osteoarthritis: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2012;13:131. 10.1186/1745-6215-13-131
- Lian LM, Chang YC, Yang CC, Yang JC, Kao KP, et al. Adult Fanconi syndrome with proximal muscle weakness and hypophosphatemic osteomalacia: report of a case. J Formos Med Assoc. 1994;93:709.
- Rai S, Patel S, Chouhan DK, Jain A, Thami T, et al. Is There a Need for an Exogenous Activator Along with PRP for Early Knee Osteoarthritis? A Triple-Blinded Randomized Control Trial. Indian J Orthop. 2024;58:905. 10.1007/s43465-024-01159-7
- Stratton A, Wanless M, Abidi N. Total Knee Conversion Rates and Functional Outcome After Calcium Phosphate Injection for Bone Marrow Lesions of the Knee. J Knee Surg. 2024;37:341. 10.1055/a-2094-5724
- Zhu Y, Shen S, Cui L, Wu L, Zhang B. Magnesium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate as additives for periarticular local infiltration analgesia improve pain management after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2024;19:764. 10.1186/s13018-024-05233-6
- Xu H, Hao C, Wang X, Du J, Zhang T, et al. Effect of Magnesium Sulfate Infusion on Postoperative Quality of Recovery in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2024;18:919. 10.2147/DDDT.S444896
- Zhao C, Wang L, Chen L, Wang Q, Kang P. Effects of magnesium sulfate on periarticular infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. J Orthop Surg Res. 2023;18:301. 10.1186/s13018-023-03790-w
- Wang Q, Zhao C, Hu J, Ma T, Yang J, et al. Efficacy of a Modified Cocktail for Periarticular Local Infiltration Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2023;105:354. 10.2106/JBJS.22.00614
- Choi JW, Lahori A, Merlo JA, Gill O, Ghoddoussi F, et al. Adductor Canal Blocks With Bupivacaine and Magnesium After Same-day Discharge Total Knee Arthroplasty Improve Postoperative Pain Relief and Decrease Opioid Consumption: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin J Pain. 2022;38:388. 10.1097/AJP.0000000000001036
- He Y, He H, Li X, Lei G, Xie D, et al. Intra-Articular Magnesium Plus Bupivacaine Is the Most Effective and Safe Postoperative Analgesic Option Following Knee Arthroscopy: A Network Meta-analysis. Arthroscopy. 2022;38:2897. 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.03.013
- Shi L, Zhu H, Ma J, Shi LL, Gao F, et al. Intra-articular magnesium to alleviate postoperative pain after arthroscopic knee surgery: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16:111. 10.1186/s13018-021-02264-1
- Zhao Z, Zhang X, Peng H, Li W, Liu H, et al. Magnesium Sulfate Combined with a Levobupivacaine Periarticular Cocktail for Analgesia in the Early Postoperative Period after Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Knee Surg. 2021;34:1463. 10.1055/s-0040-1710364
- Condello V, Filardo G, Madonna V, Andriolo L, Screpis D, et al. Use of a Biomimetic Scaffold for the Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions in Early Osteoarthritis. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:7937089. 10.1155/2018/7937089
- Shmagel A, Onizuka N, Langsetmo L, Vo T, Foley R, et al. Low magnesium intake is associated with increased knee pain in subjects with radiographic knee osteoarthritis: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018;26:651. 10.1016/j.joca.2018.02.002
- Shin HJ, Kim EY, Na HS, Kim TK, Kim MH, et al. Magnesium sulphate attenuates acute postoperative pain and increased pain intensity after surgical injury in staged bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2016;117:497. 10.1093/bja/aew227
- Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu YL, Fu PL. Efficacy and safety of an intra-operative intra-articular magnesium/ropivacaine injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty. J Int Med Res. 2012;40:2032.
- Ekmekci P, Bengisun ZK, Akan B, Kazbek BK, Ozkan KS, et al. The effect of magnesium added to levobupivacaine for femoral nerve block on postoperative analgesia in patients undergoing ACL reconstruction. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2013;21:1119. 10.1007/s00167-012-2093-4
- Koltka K, Koknel-Talu G, Asik M, Ozyalcin S. Comparison of efficacy of intraarticular application of magnesium, levobupivacaine and lornoxicam with placebo in arthroscopic surgery. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2011;19:1884. 10.1007/s00167-011-1497-x
- Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhu YL, Fu PL. Efficacy and safety of an intra-operative intra-articular magnesium/ropivacaine injection for pain control following total knee arthroplasty. J Int Med Res. 2009;37:1733.
- Farouk S, Aly A. A comparison of intra-articular magnesium and/or morphine with bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery. J Anesth. 2009;23:508. 10.1007/s00540-009-0822-8
